大蒜中期染色体内的核糖核蛋白物质

研究了大蒜（Ａｌｌｉｕｍ ｓａｔｉｖｕｍ Ｌ．）中期染色体的超微结构和ＲＮＰ物质。常规染色表明,大部分染色体内部有低电子密度区,有的染色体中低电子密度区域较大而似孔洞。银染结果也证明了有大小不等的孔洞存在。Ｂｅｒｎｈａｒｄ 染色显示,在染色体周边和染色体内部都有ＲＮＰ分布。用ＮａＯＨ 处理证明了Ｂｅｒｎｈａｒｄ 染色法所显示的深染区确实含有ＲＮＡ。ＲＮＰ量的多少与ＥＤＴＡ 的分化时间呈负相关     

渍水对冬小麦生长的危害及其生理效应

小麦受渍后叶片的光合和蒸腾速率迅速下降,而后则显微弱的回升趋势。渍害不仅削弱小麦光合产物的积累,并且改变光合产物在地上部分和根系中的分配比例;植株根／冠比下降,而黄叶的发展与根／冠比的变化呈显著负相关;渍害改变小麦的发育进程,尤其是后期渍害明显促使小麦早衰。认为清水使叶片光合速率降低、光合有效面积损失和衰老加速,从而危害小麦的生长。     

支序分类CLADISTICS在浮游多毛类眼蚕科ALCIOPIDAE系统演化研究中的应用

本论文运用支序分类学,借助于计算机技术,详细探讨了浮游多毛类眼蚕科(Alciopidae)九属的系统演化关系,并同前人的进化分类学和数值分类学研究结果进行了比较,对眼蚕科各属的演化途径提出了新的见解。     

Avicularin alleviates acute liver failure by regulation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathways to reduce inflammation and ferroptosis

Acute liver failure (ALF) is an inflammation-mediated hepatocyte death process associated with ferroptosis. Avicularin (AL), a Chinese herbal medicine, exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. However, the protective effect of AL and the mechanism on ALF have not been reported. Our in vivo results suggest that AL significantly alleviated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced hepatic pathological injury, liver enzymes, inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species and iron levels and increased the antioxidant enzyme activities (malondialdehyde and glutathione). Our further in vitro experiments demonstrated that AL suppressed inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells via blocking the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation protein-88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Moreover, AL attenuated ferroptosis in D-GalN-induced HepG2 cells by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) pathway. Therefore, AL can alleviate inflammatory response and ferroptosis in LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF, and its protective effects are associated with blocking TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and activating Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway. Moreover, AL is a promising therapeutic option for ALF and should be clinically explored.     

孤孢属两新种

在对新疆及海南岛的捕食线虫真菌的调查中发现2个真菌与已报道的孤孢属的真菌不同,确定为新种——长梗孤孢菌(Monacrosporium longiphorum Liu et Lu sp. nov.)和小舟形孤孢菌(Monacrosporium microscaphoides Liu et Lu sp. nov.)。长梗孤孢菌主要特征为分生孢子梗较长,448-660 μm,分生孢子3-4个分隔,39-65(54) × 13-22(18) μm。小舟形孤孢菌主要特征为孢子较小,0-3个分隔,以2个分隔为主,23-39(29) × 8-15.5(12)μm。在老的培养物中可见球形串生的厚垣孢子。     

GPD1L inhibits renal cell carcinoma progression by regulating PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy

Few approaches have been conducted in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after nephrectomy, resulting in a high mortality rate in urological tumours. Mitophagy is a mechanism of mitochondrial quality control that enables selective degradation of damaged and unnecessary mitochondria. Previous studies have found that glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1-like (GPD1L) is associated with the progression of tumours such as lung cancer, colorectal cancer and oropharyngeal cancer, but the potential mechanism in RCC is still unclear. In this study, microarrays from tumour databases were analysed. The expression of GPD1L was confirmed by RT–qPCR and western blotting. The effect and mechanism of GPD1L were explored using cell counting kit 8, wound healing, invasion, flow cytometry and mitophagy-related experiments. The role of GPD1L was further confirmed in vivo. The results showed that GPD1L expression was downregulated and positively correlated with prognosis in RCC. Functional experiments revealed that GPD1L prevented proliferation, migration and invasion while promoting apoptosis and mitochondrial injury in vitro. The mechanistic results indicated that GPD1L interacted with PINK1, promoting PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. However, inhibition of PINK1 reversed GPD1L-mediated mitochondrial injury and mitophagy. Moreover, GPD1L prevented tumour growth and promoted mitophagy by activating the PINK1/Parkin pathway in vivo. Our study shows that GPD1L has a positive correlation with the prognosis of RCC. The potential mechanism involves interacting with PINK1 and regulating the PINK1/Parkin pathway. In conclusion, these results reveal that GPD1L can act as a biomarker and target for RCC diagnosis and therapy.     

雪被厚度对色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林土壤线虫群落的影响

为了解雪被覆盖对青藏高原高寒森林土壤线虫群落的影响,选取藏东南色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林为研究区,采用高通量测序技术分析不同雪被厚度0、10、20、30 cm下土壤线虫群落特征。结果表明：随着雪被增厚,有机质和全氮含量显著降低(P<0.05),全钾含量显著升高(P<0.05)。雪被增厚对线虫群落Shannon指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数以及成熟度指数、线虫通路比值(NCR)均未产生显著影响,但NCR值有升高的趋势。雪被增厚使刺嘴纲(Enoplea)及食细菌性线虫的相对丰度增多,同时使20 cm和30 cm雪被下土壤线虫群落结构发生显著变化(P<0.05)。土壤有机质、全氮和全钾含量是影响土壤线虫群落的最关键的3个土壤环境因子。研究表明雪被厚度会对青藏高原色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林土壤线虫群落产生影响,雪被增厚意味着较为稳定和温暖的土壤环境,利于土壤细菌数量增加,继而利于土壤有机质分解及钾的释放,为刺嘴纲及食细菌性线虫的增多提供了资源与环境条件。目前仍需对青藏高原地区土壤进行系统调查,以更深入的了解该生态脆弱区土壤线虫分布及其响应环境变化的规律。     

青藏高原牧区家庭能源消费对生态环境和人体健康的影响研究现状与展望

探究家庭能源消费对生态环境和人体健康的研究是系统推进家庭能源绿色低碳转型和实现联合国2030可持续发展目标的关键。重点综述了目前家庭能源消费、影响因素及其对生态环境和居民健康影响的国际研究现状。目前研究不足主要聚焦在以下两个方面：一方面,影响家庭能源消费因素的贡献率和影响消费行为的驱动机制尚不清晰;另一方面,目前主要针对家庭能源消费或者生态系统或者环境或者居民健康其中的某一方面或者某两个方面开展研究,鲜有研究系统的考虑家庭能源消费对生态环境和人体健康影响的综合研究。基于上述研究现状,结合青藏高原的实际情况,提出未来需要在宏观层面和微观层面加强研究。宏观层面：(1)亟需厘清青藏高原家庭能源与生态环境和人体健康之间的内在联系与驱动机制,形成青藏高原牧区“家庭能源-生态效应-环境效应-健康效应”的理论分析框架;(2)构建模块化的牧区“能源-生态-环境-健康-经济”等多学科交叉的综合评估模型,形成完整的、系统的评估方法。微观层面：(1)迫切开展青藏高原家庭能源消费特征与变化规律的研究;(2)深入开展家庭能源消费特征和变化规律与生态系统的反馈机制与量化研究;(3)加强牧区室内空气污染物浓度测定,...     

人工引入传粉者对油茶丰产的意义及潜在的生物安全

动物传粉在全球生态系统中提供重要服务,全球农业生产对动物传粉服务的需求稳定增长。油茶是我国特有的重要木本油料植物,栽培历史悠久,由于严格自交不亲和而高度依赖动物传粉。基于我国油茶产业发展的新形势,从资源分配和花粉限制等生态因素系统分析了油茶产量受限制的原因,提出油茶的传粉者限制效果等同于花粉限制效果,人工引入潜在的高效传粉者是解除油茶资源限制措施和传粉生态限制措施之间冲突、提高油茶产量的有效途径。论述了人工引入传粉者传粉服务的优势和挑战。对人工引入传粉者,特别是外来传粉者所面临的潜在风险和控制途径进行了梳理,提出从传粉生态服务解决油茶产量和质量问题的新思路。全文旨在为人工引入传粉者在油茶丰产中的作用提供理论与科学依据,以期促进油茶产业健康有序发展。     

解淀粉芽胞杆菌hemX基因缺失对血红素合成的影响

血红素是一种广泛存在于生物体中的卟啉类化合物,具有多种生理功能。解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)具有易于培养、分泌表达能力较强等特点,是一种重要的工业菌株。为了筛选血红素合成的最优出发菌株,以不添加和添加5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-aminolevulinic acid, ALA)的方式,对实验室保藏菌株进行筛选,发现不添加ALA时,菌株BA、BAΔ6、BAΔ6ΔsigF的血红素产量无明显差别;然而添加ALA后,BAΔ6ΔsigF的血红素产量和比生产能力均为最高,分别达到200.77μmol/L和615.70μmol/(L·g DCW)。因此,以BAΔ6ΔsigF为出发菌株,敲除编码细胞色素组装蛋白HemX的hemX基因,探究其在血红素合成途径中的作用,发现敲除菌株发酵液明显变红,且生长未受到明显影响;摇瓶发酵12 h时ALA浓度最高,为82.13 mg/L,略高于对照的75.11 mg/L;不添加ALA时,血红素产量和比生产能力分别为对照的1.99倍和1.45倍;添加ALA后,血红素产量和比生产能力分别为对照的2.08倍和1.72倍;实时定量荧光PCR...